Capital and Symbols

1. Capital: London (also the capital of England).
2. Currency: Pound Sterling (£).
3. Main Language: English (Welsh is also official in Wales; Scottish Gaelic is recognized in Scotland).

Terms Often Used

1. Britain: Informally used to refer to either Great Britain or the UK as a whole.
2. Great Britain: Refers to the island that includes England, Scotland, and Wales (excludes Northern Ireland).

Countries of the UK

The UK is made up of four constituent countries:

1. England
2. Scotland
3. Wales
4. Northern Ireland

Its official name is "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", which reflects all four nations.

Government and Politics

1. A constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy.
2. Governed by the UK Parliament in Westminster, London.
3. Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have their own devolved parliaments or assemblies with powers over specific areas like education and health.

Geography and Landmarks

1. Diverse natural landscapes: rolling hills, mountains, coastlines, and lakes.
2. Iconic landmarks include:
   1. Big Ben
   2. Buckingham Palace
   3. Stonehenge
   4. Edinburgh Castle
   5. Ben Nevis (UK's highest mountain)

Economy and Global Presence

1. A strong global economy with key sectors including finance, technology, healthcare, and manufacturing.
2. Active in international relations:
   • Member of the United Nations, NATO, and other global organizations.
   • Former member of the European Union (left following Brexit in 2020).

People and Culture

1. Population: Approximately 68 million (as of 2023).
2. Known for its cultural diversity, with influences from many ethnic groups and global traditions.

Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories

1. Crown Dependencies (self-governing but under UK sovereignty):
   • Isle of Man
   • Channel Islands (Jersey and Guernsey)
2. British Overseas Territories (under UK jurisdiction but not part of the UK):
   • St Helena
   • Falkland Islands

British Overseas Territories vs Crown Dependencies

1. British Overseas Territories were colonies, whereas Crown Dependencies were not.
2. Both are self-governing territories but not part of the United Kingdom.
3. Crown Dependencies - Channel Islands and Isle of Man.
4. British Overseas Territories - St Helena and Falkland Islands.