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UK and International Institutions

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This section highlights important institutions within the UK and across the globe that influence governance, law, and international relations. These organizations play a crucial role in shaping policies and fostering global cooperation.

SN Institution Description Additional Information
1 The Commonwealth An association of countries that support each other and work together towards shared goals in democracy and development.
  • The Queen is the ceremonial head.
  • Currently has 54 member states.
  • Membership is voluntary.
  • Based on core values of democracy, good government, and rule of law.
  • Can suspend membership but has no power over its members.
2 Commonwealth Members List of member countries. Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji (currently suspended), The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Zambia
3 The European Union (EU) Originally called the European Economic Community (EEC), was set up by six western European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) who signed the Treaty of Rome on 25 March 1957. The UK became a member in 1973.
  • Now has 27 member states (Croatia to become a member in 2013).
  • EU law is legally binding in the UK and all other EU member states.
  • European laws are called directives, regulations, or framework decisions.
4 EU Member States List of member countries. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK
5 The Council of Europe Separate from the EU, has 47 member countries, including the UK. Responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in those countries.
  • Has no power to make laws but draws up conventions and charters.
  • Most well-known is the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
6 The United Nations (UN) An international organization with more than 190 countries as members, set up after the Second World War. Aims to prevent war and promote international peace and security.
  • 15 members on the UN Security Council.
  • The UK is one of five permanent members of the Security Council.
7 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) A group of European and North American countries that have agreed to help each other if they come under attack. Aims to maintain peace between all of its members.
  • The UK is a member.
  • Focuses on collective defense and security cooperation among member countries.
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